Science Simulations
The structure of the water molecule Water is a representative ‘polar molecule’. The hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bonds that make up the water molecule have an angle of 104.5˚ and appear curved. Because of this unbalanced water molecule structure, the oxygen side has … more
Polar molecule Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds between their constituent atoms, and the shape of the molecule is asymmetric. Therefore, the centers of positive and negative charges do not coincide. Just as there are poles on both sides of … more
Lead iodide sediment formation reaction If you continue to add the lead nitrate solution to a certain amount of potassium iodide solution, the amount of sediment produced will continue to increase at the beginning and will no longer increase at … more
Heat capacity ‘Heat capacity’ is the amount of heat to raise the temperature of an object by 1℃. The heat capacity of an object is the specific heat of the object multiplied by the object’s mass. Since the heat capacity … more
Specific Heat When you apply the same amount of heat to metal and water of the same mass, the metal temperature change is greater than that of water. This is because the amount of heat required to change the temperature … more
Electrolysis of Water When electrolysis is performed using a dilute aqueous NaOH solution as an electrolyte, hydrogen gas is generated at the cathode (-), and oxygen gas is generated at the anode (+). The reaction equation is as follows. (＋)pole: … more
Charle’s Law Charle’s Law In 1787, French scientist Charle (1746-1823) revealed that increasing the temperature of a gas by 1℃ at constant pressure increases the volume of the gas by 1/273 of the volume at 0℃. This is called Charle’s … more
Electric Plating Electroplating is a technique of depositing a thin film of another metal on the surface of a metal. (-) The electrode is connected to the object to be plated, (+) The electrode is connected to plating material such … more
Electricity production before Volta Before chemical cells, such as dry cells, there was only one thing we knew as a way to produce electricity. That is rubbing amber, glass, or metal. Voltaic Cell Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) of Italy in the … more
Avogadro’s Law The Italian scientist Avogadro (1776-1856) introduced the molecules’ concept to explain gases’ reactions. According to his theory, the volume of any gas at the same temperature and pressure is proportional to the molecules’ number. In other words, regardless … more
Addition Polymerization It is a reaction that forms a polymer compound while a double bond of a monomer forms a new single bond. When the monomers are bonded, no other small molecules are produced other than the polymer. It is … more
Equal volumes of sugar water and distilled water is in the same cup. Which solution will evaporate faster? Vapor pressure lowering of the solution When sugar (non-volatile solute) dissolves in water, a strong attraction acts between the sugar molecules and … more