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Radiation
Places near the stove feel warmer than far away. This is due to the direct transfer of heat from the stove without the movement of matter. This direct transfer of heat without the aid of a substance is called radiation. When using an infrared curing machine or cooking in an oven, thermal energy is transmitted by radiation.
There is no medium between the sun and the earth, but heat is transferred to the earth. So you can see that heat is transferred by radiation.
Radiation Equilibrium of the Earth
The earth's temperature is kept constant only when the earth emits the same amount of radiant energy from the sun. This is called the radiation equilibrium of the earth.
Greenhouse effect, Global warming.
All objects that have a temperature emit radiant energy in the form of light (electromagnetic waves). The higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength of light, and the lower the temperature, the longer the wavelength.
The sun has a surface temperature of about 6000K and emits mainly visible light. Earth's surface temperature is lower than the sun, as we know. The light emitted by the earth is primarily an infrared region.
Due to the different wavelengths of radiant energy that the Earth sends and receives, the radiation equilibrium temperature may vary. For example, when carbon dioxide or methane gas increases in the atmosphere due to humanity's industrial activities, more infrared rays are absorbed and released than before.
This greenhouse effect raises the global average temperature.
Global warming causes climate change, sea level rise, extreme droughts, food shortage, crop damage, pests, etc., and this can be a problem for humankind.