Science Simulations
* You can move ion particles with the mouse. Movement of Ion particles Ions acquire electric charge by gaining or losing valence electrons, depending on the type of atom. Electric forces act between charged substances. A pushing force acts between … more
Standard hydrogen electrode A platinum electrode is inserted in a solution with a concentration of H+ of 1M, and hydrogen gas at 25℃ of 1 atm surrounding the platinum electrode is in equilibrium with H+. At this time, the electrode … more
The structure of the water molecule Water is a representative ‘polar molecule’. The hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bonds that make up the water molecule have an angle of 104.5˚ and appear curved. Because of this unbalanced water molecule structure, the oxygen side has … more
Polar molecule Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds between their constituent atoms, and the shape of the molecule is asymmetric. Therefore, the centers of positive and negative charges do not coincide. Just as there are poles on both sides of … more
Electrolysis of Water When electrolysis is performed using a dilute aqueous NaOH solution as an electrolyte, hydrogen gas is generated at the cathode (-), and oxygen gas is generated at the anode (+). The reaction equation is as follows. (＋)pole: … more
Electric Plating Electroplating is a technique of depositing a thin film of another metal on the surface of a metal. (-) The electrode is connected to the object to be plated, (+) The electrode is connected to plating material such … more
Electricity production before Volta Before chemical cells, such as dry cells, there was only one thing we knew as a way to produce electricity. That is rubbing amber, glass, or metal. Voltaic Cell Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) of Italy in the … more
The metal atom’s exchange ratio due to the ion’s valence is ignored. Ionization tendency of metal The tendency of metals to lose electrons and become cations is called the ‘ionization tendency.’ The ionization sequence is an ordered list of ionization … more
